1.Meaning
a. Direct Speech
Direct Speech is sentence which is said directly by speaker.
b. Indirect Speech
Indirect Speech is one way to show what another person or speaker has told directly for such a statement, question, or another remark to change that discussion format so those kind of statements become clear, natural, and efficient to the listeners
2.Function
The function of indirect speech is to tell or report back someone's remark without changing the meaning or content of speaker's words.The changing from direct form to indirect form results a changing on adverb, article, modal as allow:
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Here
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There
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Last month / year
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The month / year before, the preceding month / year, the previous
month / year
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Next month / year
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A month / year later, the following month / year, the next month /
year
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Now
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At that time, then
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Today
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That day
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Tomorrow
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A day later, the following / next day
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Yesterday
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The day before, the previous day
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Two days / weeks ago
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Two days / weeks before, two days / weeks earlier
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Modification of verb from direct to indirect speech may change verb to become 'to infinitive'. This changing is applied for reporting imperatives (commands). furthermore, generally verb tense (present or future, including modal) is changed to become past form. These are the following details:
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Simple Present
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Simple Past
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Will
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Would
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Present Continuous
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Past Continuous
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Must, have to
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Had to
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Present Perfect
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Past Perfect
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May (permission)
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Could, might
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Future (am / is / are going to)
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Was / were going to
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Shall
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Should (ask for advice), would (simple future)
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Simple Past
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Past Perfect
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May (possibility)
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Might
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Past Continuous
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Past Perfect Continuous
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Can
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could
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a. Positive Form
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Simple Present
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He said, “I always watch the UEFA Champions League.”
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He said that he always watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Present Continuous
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He said me, “I am watching the UEFA Champions League now.”
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He said me that he was watching the UEFA Champions League then.
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Present Perfect
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He said me, “I have already watched the UEFA Champions League.”
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He said me that he had already watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Simple Past
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He said me, “I watched the UEFA Champions League last night.”
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He said me that he had watched the UEFA Champions League the night
before.
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Past Continuous
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He said me, “I was watching the UEFA Champions League at 02.45
o’clock this morning.”
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He said me that he had been watching the UEFA Champions League at
02.45 o’clock that morning.
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Past Perfect
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He said me, “I had watched the UEFA Champions League at 02.45 o’clock
yesterday morning.”
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-
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Past Future
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He said me, “I would watch the UEFA Champions League .”
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He said me that he would have watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Simple Present
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He said me, “I don’t always watch the UEFA Champions League.”
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He said me that he didn’t always watch the UEFA Champions League.
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Present Continuous
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He said me, “I am not watching the UEFA Champions League now.”
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He said me that he wasn’t watching the UEFA Champions League then.
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Present Perfect
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He said me, “I haven’t already watched the UEFA Champions League .”
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He said me that he hadn’t already watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Simple Past
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He said me, “I didn’t watch the UEFA Champions League last night.”
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He said me that he hadn’t watched the UEFA Champions League the night
before.
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Past Continuous
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He said me, “I wasn’t watching the UEFA Champions League at 02.45
o’clock this morning.”
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He said me that he hadn’t been watching the UEFA Champions League at
02.45 o’clock that morning.
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Past Perfect
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He said me, “I hadn’t watched the UEFA Champions League at 02.45
o’clock yesterday.”
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-
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Past Future
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He said me, “I wouldn’t watch the UEFA Champions League.”
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He said me that he wouldn’t have watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Simple Present
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He asked me, “Do you always watch the UEFA Champions League?”
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He asked me if I always watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Present Continuous
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He asked me, “Are you watching the UEFA Champions League now?”
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He asked me if I was watching the UEFA Champions League now.
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Present Perfect
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He asked me, “Have you already watched the UEFA Champions League?”
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He asked me whether I have already watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Simple Past
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He asked me, “Did you watch the UEFA Champions League last night?”
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He asked me whether I had watched the UEFA Champions League the night
before.
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Past Continuous
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He asked me, “were you watching the UEFA Champions League at 02.45
o’clock this morning?”
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He asked me whether I had been watching the UEFA Champions League at
02.45 o’clock that morning.
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Past Perfect
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He asked me, “Had you watched the UEFA Champions League at 02.45
o’clock yesterday morning?”
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-
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Past Future
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He asked me, “would you watch the UEFA Champions League?”
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He asked me if I would have watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Simple Present
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He asked me, “Why do you always watch the UEFA Champions League?”
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He asked me why I always watched the UEFA Champions League.
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Present Continuous
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He asked me, “What are you looking at?”
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He asked me what I was looking at.
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Present Perfect
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He asked me, “What have you already done?”
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He asked me what I had already done.
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Simple Past
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He asked me, “Why did you miss the UEFA Champions League last night?”
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He asked me why I had missed the UEFA Champions League last night.
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Past Continuous
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He asked me, “What kind of match were you watching at 02.45 o’clock
last night?”
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He asked me what kind of match I had been watching at 02.45 o’clock
the night before.
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Past Perfect
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He asked me, “What had you watched at 02.45 this morning?”
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-
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Past Future
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He asked me, “What would you do after watching the UEFA Champions
League?”
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He asked me what I would have done after watching the UEFA Champions
League.
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Function
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Direct Speech
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Indirect Speech
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Command
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He ordered me, “Watch the UEFA Champions League!”
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He said me to watch the UEFA Champions League.
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He said me, “Don’t be missed the UEFA Champions League!”
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He said me not to be missed the UEFA Champions League.
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Prohibition
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He said me, “Watch Out!”
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He said me to watch out.
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He said me, “don’t touch me!”
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He said me not to touch him.
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Advice
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He said me, “Don’t be lazy to study.”
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He said me not to be lazy to study
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Instruction
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He told me, “go straight ahead then turn right.”
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He told me to go straight ahead then turn right.
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Request
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He said me, “don’t leave me alone.”
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He said me not to leave him alone.
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